// RFM69 packet radio driver, plus the node's send-with-acknowledgement // protocol and the wheel-counts packet builder. // // Layout of this file: // 1. Register access over SPI // 2. Mode control and status waits // 3. Raw packet write/read (FIFO) // 4. Acknowledged send protocol // 5. Wheel-counts packet builder and hashes // 6. Radio configuration (rfm69_init) #include "rfm69.h" // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // 1. Register access over SPI ("_rt" = register transfer) // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- uint8_t spi_read_rfm69_rt(uint8_t reg) { spi_rfm69_select(true); spi_write(reg); uint8_t data_read = spi_read(); spi_rfm69_select(false); return data_read; } uint8_t spi_write_rfm69_rt(uint8_t reg, uint8_t val) { spi_rfm69_select(true); spi_write(reg | RFM69_SPI_WRITE); uint8_t data_read = spi_write(val); spi_rfm69_select(false); return data_read; } uint8_t spi_write_rfm69_multiple_rt(uint8_t reg, const char* vals, uint8_t len) { spi_rfm69_select(true); uint8_t data_init = spi_write(reg | RFM69_SPI_WRITE); while (len--) spi_write(*vals++); spi_rfm69_select(false); return data_init; } // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // 2. Mode control and status waits // // Every wait has a bail-out: an absent or unpowered radio must not hang the // firmware, since no watchdog reset is armed. // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- void reset_rfm69(void) { rfm69_reset_state(true); // Reset line is active high _delay_ms(10); rfm69_reset_state(false); _delay_ms(10); } void set_rfm69_mode(uint8_t target_mode) { uint8_t mode = spi_read_rfm69_rt(REG_OP_MODE); mode &= ~VAL_OPMODE_MASK; mode |= (target_mode & VAL_OPMODE_MASK); spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_OP_MODE, mode); } bool wait_rfm69_mode_ready(void) { for (uint16_t attempts = 0; attempts < RFM69_TIMEOUT_MS; attempts++) { if (MODE_READY) { return true; } _delay_ms(1); } return false; } bool wait_tx_sent(void) { for (uint16_t attempts = 0; attempts < RFM69_TIMEOUT_MS; attempts++) { if (TX_SENT) { return true; } _delay_ms(1); } return false; } bool wait_rx_payload_ready_timeout(uint16_t attempts) { set_rfm69_rx_mode(); // Test the flag before spending the tick, so a payload that arrives on the // last attempt is not thrown away. for (uint16_t counter = 0; counter < attempts; counter++) { if (RX_PAYLOAD_READY) { return true; } _delay_ms(1); } return RX_PAYLOAD_READY != 0; } bool wait_rx_payload_ready(void) { return wait_rx_payload_ready_timeout(RFM69_TIMEOUT_MS); } // The PA boost registers are only allowed during TX; OCP must be off for the // +20 dBm path, per the datasheet's high-power sequence. void set_rfm69_power_amp_boost(void) { spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_OCP, VAL_OCP_OFF); spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_TEST_PA1, VAL_TEST_PA1_BOOST); spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_TEST_PA2, VAL_TEST_PA2_BOOST); } void set_rfm69_power_amp_normal(void) { spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_TEST_PA1, VAL_TEST_PA1_NORMAL); spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_TEST_PA2, VAL_TEST_PA2_NORMAL); spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_OCP, VAL_OCP_ON); } void set_rfm69_tx_mode(void) { set_rfm69_power_amp_boost(); set_rfm69_mode(VAL_OPMODE_TX); wait_rfm69_mode_ready(); } void set_rfm69_rx_mode(void) { set_rfm69_power_amp_normal(); set_rfm69_mode(VAL_OPMODE_RX); wait_rfm69_mode_ready(); } void set_rfm69_standby(void) { set_rfm69_power_amp_normal(); set_rfm69_mode(VAL_OPMODE_STDBY); wait_rfm69_mode_ready(); } void set_rfm69_sleep(void) { set_rfm69_power_amp_normal(); set_rfm69_mode(VAL_OPMODE_SLEEP); wait_rfm69_mode_ready(); } // "Idle" between packets is just standby void set_rfm69_idle(void) { set_rfm69_standby(); } // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // 3. Raw packet write/read // // On-air packet layout (variable-length mode, CRC on): // [len] [to] [from] [dtype] [flags] [msg bytes ...] // where len counts everything after itself, so msg length + 4 header bytes. // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #define PACKET_HEADER_LEN 4 void reset_txrx_struct(tx_rx_data_struct* s) { s->len = 0; s->to = 255; s->from = 255; s->dtype = 0; s->flags = 0; memset(s->msg, ' ', sizeof(s->msg)); } void rfm69_write_msg(tx_rx_data_struct txrxd) { // TxStart is configured as FifoNotEmpty, so the radio begins transmitting // the moment the first byte lands. Fill the FIFO from standby and only then // switch to TX, otherwise the packet goes out ahead of its own payload. set_rfm69_standby(); if (txrxd.len > sizeof(txrxd.msg)) { txrxd.len = sizeof(txrxd.msg); } spi_rfm69_select(true); spi_write(REG_FIFO | RFM69_SPI_WRITE); spi_write(txrxd.len + PACKET_HEADER_LEN); spi_write(txrxd.to); spi_write(txrxd.from); spi_write(txrxd.dtype); spi_write(txrxd.flags); for (uint8_t x = 0; x < txrxd.len; x++) { spi_write(txrxd.msg[x]); } spi_rfm69_select(false); set_rfm69_tx_mode(); wait_tx_sent(); set_rfm69_rx_mode(); } tx_rx_data_struct rfm69_read_msg(void) { memset(RX_DATA.msg, ' ', sizeof(RX_DATA.msg)); spi_rfm69_select(true); spi_write(REG_FIFO); uint8_t raw_len = spi_read(); RX_DATA.to = spi_read(); RX_DATA.from = spi_read(); RX_DATA.dtype = spi_read(); RX_DATA.flags = spi_read(); // The length byte comes off the air and is not trustworthy: below 4 it // underflows to ~252, above 60 it walks off the end of msg[]. uint8_t msg_len = (raw_len < PACKET_HEADER_LEN) ? 0 : (uint8_t)(raw_len - PACKET_HEADER_LEN); if (msg_len > sizeof(RX_DATA.msg)) { msg_len = sizeof(RX_DATA.msg); } RX_DATA.len = msg_len; for (uint8_t idx = 0; idx < msg_len; idx++) { RX_DATA.msg[idx] = spi_read(); } spi_rfm69_select(false); set_rfm69_idle(); return RX_DATA; } // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // 4. Acknowledged send protocol // // Every counts packet ends in a 3-byte hash of its payload. The base station // echoes that hash back in its reply, so a reply is accepted only when the // echoed hash matches what we sent and the addresses are ours reversed. // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #define SEND_ACK_ATTEMPTS 10 #define ACK_WAIT_MS 50 static bool reply_acknowledges(const tx_rx_data_struct* tx_data) { bool hash_echo_matches = (tx_data->msg[57] == RX_DATA.msg[0]) && (tx_data->msg[58] == RX_DATA.msg[1]) && (tx_data->msg[59] == RX_DATA.msg[2]); bool addresses_are_ours_reversed = (tx_data->from == RX_DATA.to) && (tx_data->to == RX_DATA.from); return hash_echo_matches && addresses_are_ours_reversed; } DATA_SEND_STATUS send_message(tx_rx_data_struct tx_data) { rfm69_write_msg(tx_data); for (uint8_t attempt = 0; attempt < SEND_ACK_ATTEMPTS; attempt++) { if (!wait_rx_payload_ready_timeout(ACK_WAIT_MS)) { continue; } RX_DATA = rfm69_read_msg(); LOG("RX DATA\n"); #if DO_UART uart_print_tx_rx_data(RX_DATA); #endif if (!reply_acknowledges(&tx_data)) { LOG(" RX DATA ANOTHER ERROR\n"); continue; } if ((RX_DATA.flags == MSG_RECV_COUNTS_SUCCESS) && (RX_DATA.msg[3] == 0xFF)) { LOG(" RX DATA SUCCESS\n"); return DATA_SEND_SUCCESS; } LOG(" RX DATA FAILED\n"); } return DATA_NOT_SENT; } // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // 5. Wheel-counts packet builder and hashes // // 60-byte msg layout: // [0..9] name (padded) // [10..19] wheel diameter (padded) // [20..21] battery reading, little endian // [22..26] timestamp: minute, hour, day, month, year // [27..56] 15 x uint16 per-minute counts, little endian // [57..59] 24-bit hash of bytes 0..56 // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- tx_rx_data_struct generate_wheel_counts_message( identifier_results idd, time_struct time, uint16_t battery_value, volatile uint16_t counts[15]) { reset_txrx_struct(&TX_DATA); memcpy(TX_DATA.msg, idd.name_str, MIN(10, idd.name_len)); memcpy(TX_DATA.msg + 10, idd.diameter_str, MIN(10, idd.diameter_len)); TX_DATA.msg[20] = battery_value & 0xFF; TX_DATA.msg[21] = (battery_value >> 8) & 0xFF; TX_DATA.msg[22] = time.Minute; TX_DATA.msg[23] = time.Hour; TX_DATA.msg[24] = time.Day; TX_DATA.msg[25] = time.Month; TX_DATA.msg[26] = time.Year; for (uint8_t idx = 0; idx < 15; idx++) { TX_DATA.msg[26 + (2 * idx + 1)] = counts[idx] & 0xFF; // LSB first TX_DATA.msg[26 + (2 * idx + 2)] = (counts[idx] >> 8) & 0xFF; // MSB second } uint32_t msg_hash = hash_3bytes(TX_DATA.msg, 57); TX_DATA.msg[57] = msg_hash & 0xFF; TX_DATA.msg[58] = (msg_hash >> 8) & 0xFF; TX_DATA.msg[59] = (msg_hash >> 16) & 0xFF; TX_DATA.len = sizeof(TX_DATA.msg); TX_DATA.flags = MSG_SEND_COUNTS; TX_DATA.from = idd.hashed; TX_DATA.to = 255; TX_DATA.dtype = MSG_TYPE_BINARY; return TX_DATA; } // 24-bit payload checksum carried in the last three message bytes uint32_t hash_3bytes(unsigned const char* str, uint8_t str_len) { uint32_t hash = 0; for (uint8_t i = 0; i < str_len; i++) { hash = (hash * 31 + str[i]) % 0xFFFFFF; } return hash; } // Hash a NUL-terminated string into [min, max]; used to derive the node's // radio address from its name. uint8_t hash(const char* str, uint8_t min, uint8_t max) { unsigned int hash = 0; while (*str) { hash = (hash * 31) + (unsigned char)(*str); str++; } unsigned int range = max - min + 1; return (hash % range) + min; } void uart_print_tx_rx_data(tx_rx_data_struct tx_rx_print) { DATA_BUFFER_7[0] = tx_rx_print.len; DATA_BUFFER_7[1] = tx_rx_print.to; DATA_BUFFER_7[2] = tx_rx_print.from; DATA_BUFFER_7[3] = tx_rx_print.dtype; DATA_BUFFER_7[4] = tx_rx_print.flags; uart_sendString(" "); uart_print_uint8_array(DATA_BUFFER_7, 5, "LEN,TO,FROM,DTYPE,FLAGS\n"); uart_sendString(" "); uart_sendStringArray(tx_rx_print.msg, 20); uart_sendChar('\n'); uart_sendString(" "); uart_print_uint8_array(tx_rx_print.msg, tx_rx_print.len, "\n"); } // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- // 6. Radio configuration // --------------------------------------------------------------------------- void rfm69_init(void) { reset_rfm69(); _delay_ms(100); set_rfm69_idle(); // Carrier: 434.0 MHz (see the VAL_FREQ_* derivation in rfm69.h) spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_FREQ_MSB, VAL_FREQ_433MHz_MSB); spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_FREQ_MIDDLE_SB, VAL_FREQ_433MHz_MID_SB); spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_FREQ_LSB, VAL_FREQ_433MHz_LSB); // Start transmitting as soon as the FIFO has data (rfm69_write_msg relies // on filling the FIFO in standby because of this) spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_FIFO_THRESH, VAL_TX_START_FIFO_NOT_EMPTY | VAL_FIFO_LEVEL_INTERRUPT); spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_TEST_DAGC, VAL_TEST_DAGC_DEFAULT); // Fading margin improvement // 2-byte sync word shared with the base station char sync_words[] = { 0x2d, 0xd4 }; spi_write_rfm69_multiple_rt(REG_SYNC_VALUE_1, sync_words, 2); spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_SYNC_CONFIG, VAL_SYNCWORDS_ON | VAL_SYNCWORDS_SIZE_2_BYTES); // FSK packet mode, Gaussian shaping, 250 kbps, 25 kHz deviation spi_write_rfm69_rt( REG_DATA_MODUL, VAL_DATA_PACKET_MODE | VAL_DATA_MODUL_FSK | VAL_MODUL_SHAPING_GAUSS_BT_1_0); spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_BITRATE_MSB, VAL_BITRATE_250kbps_MSB); spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_BITRATE_LSB, VAL_BITRATE_250kbps_LSB); spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_FDEV_MSB, VAL_FDEV_MSB); spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_FDEV_LSB, VAL_FDEV_LSB); // Widest RX/AFC bandwidth settings spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_RX_BW, 0xE0); spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_AFC_BW, 0xE0); // Variable-length packets with whitening and CRC spi_write_rfm69_rt( REG_PACKET_CONFIG_1, VAL_PACKET_VARIABLE_LENGTH | VAL_PACKET_WHITENING | VAL_PACKET_CRCON); // 4-byte preamble spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_PREAMBLE_MSB, 0x00); spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_PREAMBLE_LSB, 0x04); // Both PA stages on, maximum output power spi_write_rfm69_rt(REG_PA_LEVEL, VAL_PA_PA1_ON | VAL_PA_PA2_ON | VAL_PA_20dB); }